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Jeffrey Kimball (historian)

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Jeffrey P. Kimball is an American historian and emeritus professor at Miami University.[1] Among the ideas that Kimball developed was the idea of a Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth.[2] He also argued that threats to use nuclear weapons had not been effective at advancing the United States' foreign policy goals either in the Korean War, Vietnam War, or the First Taiwan Strait Crisis.[3] Historian Luke Nichter wrote that Kimball's books "shaped future works, and these volumes on my shelves stand as a reminder that my own work on the Nixon tapes would not have happened without them".[4] According to historian Ken Hughes, Kimball is "the leading scholar of the 'decent interval'": the idea that Nixon eventually settled for securing a "decent interval" before South Vietnamese defeat.[5] Hughes regrets that Kimball's work is "virtually unknown" outside academia.[6]

Nixon's Vietnam War (1998)

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The book argues that the Vietnam War was not winnable and "was waged as much against [the South Vietnamese government in] Saigon as it was against the VC/NV enemy".[7] He also examines Nixon's madman theory of engaging in nuclear brinkmanship, especially between 1969 and 1972. He also argues that, in Lloyd C. Gardner's words, "the Nixinger case that the war had been won were it not for a last minute failure of will, has been built upon a lengthy series of "ifs," none of which were real alternatives at the time".[7] Gardner gave the book a positive review, stating that it was "as exhaustively researched as was possible", considering that not all evidence had been publicly released.[7]

The Vietnam War Files (2004)

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In this book, Kimball published a collection of primary source documents, mostly from the Nixon Presidential Materials Project, with an introduction written by him. The documents he chooses support the idea that Nixon pursued a "madman" course in diplomacy. He also reproduces two documents cited as evidence that Nixon and Kissinger hoped to achieve a "decent interval" between American withdrawal and the fall of South Vietnam. In his review of the book, Pierre Asselin stated that the book focused on the American perspective and did not include enough documents from foreign sources.[8][9] Ken Hughes argues that Asselin's review of the book was "a particularly nasty academic hatchet job", noting that earlier Kimball published a negative review of Asselin's book.[6]

Nixon's Nuclear Specter (2015)

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In this book, Kimball and his co-author, William Burr, focus on the nuclear threats issued by the Nixon Administration towards the end of the Vietnam War. One challenge they faced is the lack of documentation, due to important evidence being redacted or lost. According to a review by Jonathan M. House in Michigan War Studies Review, Kimball and Burr "deserve praise for their discerning and cogent reconstruction of the motives and actions of the Nixon Administration in its first year". House finds that they made a "powerful argument, thanks to their masterful blending of memoir literature and historical documentation".[10] Luke A. Nichter disagreed that the "decent interval" theory adequately explains Nixon Administration policies, because according to him the president's outlook went rapidly up and down depending on casualty figures and news reports.[4] However, Nichter overall praises the book: "Well written and thoroughly researched, Nixon’s Nuclear Specter is a rich study for scholars of the era, and essential for those interested in Vietnam, the Nixon era, and the mindset of our 37th president."[4]

Works

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  • Kimball, Jeffrey P. (1990). To Reason Why: The Debate about the Causes of U.S. Involvement in the Vietnam War. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-0-87722-709-0.[11]
  • Kimball, Jeffrey P. (1998). Nixon's Vietnam War. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0924-6.[12][13]
  • Kimball, Jeffrey P. (2004). The Vietnam War Files: Uncovering the Secret History of Nixon-era Strategy. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1283-3.[14]
  • Burr, William; Kimball, Jeffrey P. (2015). Nixon's Nuclear Specter: The Secret Alert of 1969, Madman Diplomacy, and the Vietnam War. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-2082-1.[15][4][16]

References

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  1. ^ "Jeffrey Kimball". Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  2. ^ Gawthorpe, Andrew (2020). "Ken Burns, the Vietnam War, and the purpose of history". Journal of Strategic Studies. 43 (1): 154–169. doi:10.1080/01402390.2019.1631974. hdl:1887/138556. Moyar's critique shows that a line of argument that Jeffrey Kimball long ago called the 'stab-in-the-back legend' remains alive and well. The stab-in-the-back legend displays classic characteristics of what psychologists call in-group/out-group bias, in which every action by an in-group is rationalized and justified whereas every action by an out-group is criticized and seen as inspired by perverse motives. Through this pattern of thought, the 'stab-in-the-back' interpretation externalizes blame for U.S. defeat entirely to civilian policymakers. A virtuous and effective military had its hands tied by villainous civilians who, pandering to base political instincts, betrayed the soldiers (and eventually South Vietnam) by failing to allow them to do what was needed to win.
  3. ^ Kimball, Jeffrey (December 2016). "Trump's Madman Gambit: History shows his nuclear threats will fail". USA Today. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d Nichter, Luke (2015). "Nichter on Burr and Kimball, 'Nixon's Nuclear Specter: The Secret Alert of 1969, Madman Diplomacy, and the Vietnam War'". H-Net.
  5. ^ Hughes, Ken (2015). Fatal Politics: The Nixon Tapes, the Vietnam War, and the Casualties of Reelection. University of Virginia Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-8139-3803-5.
  6. ^ a b Hughes 2015, p. 118.
  7. ^ a b c "Gardner on Kimball, 'Nixon's Vietnam War'". H-Net.
  8. ^ Wirtz, James J. (2007). "Jeffrey Kimball, The Vietnam War Files: Uncovering the Secret History of Nixon-Era Strategy". Journal of Cold War Studies. 9 (1): 117–118. doi:10.1162/jcws.2007.9.1.117. S2CID 57560173.
  9. ^ Asselin, Pierre (2006). "Kimball's Vietnam War". Diplomatic History. 30 (1): 163–167. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2006.00545.x.
  10. ^ House, Jonathan M. (2016). "Nixon's Nuclear Specter: The Secret Alert of 1969, Madman Diplomacy, and the Vietnam War by William Burr and Jeffrey P. Kimball. Lawrence: Univ. Press of Kansas, 2015. Pp. xvi, 455. ISBN 678–0–7006–2082–1" (PDF). Michigan War Studies Review.
  11. ^ Levy, David W. (1991). "To Reason Why: The Debate About the Causes of U.S. Involvement in the Vietnam War: Kimball, Jeffrey P.: Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 355 pp., Publication Date: June 1990". History: Reviews of New Books. 19 (3): 104. doi:10.1080/03612759.1991.9949235.
  12. ^ "NIXON'S VIETNAM WAR". Kirkus Reviews. 1998. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  13. ^ "Nixon's Vietnam War". Foreign Affairs. 1999. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  14. ^ Jervis, Robert (2004). "The Vietnam War Files: Uncovering the Secret History of the Nixon-Era Strategy by Jeffrey Kimball". Political Science Quarterly. 119 (2): 353–355. doi:10.2307/20202358. JSTOR 20202358.
  15. ^ Krepon, Michael (2015). "Nixon's Nuclear Specter: The Secret Alert of 1969, Madman Diplomacy, and the Vietnam War". Arms Control Today. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  16. ^ "Nixon's Nuclear Specter: The Secret Alert of 1969, Madman Diplomacy, and the Vietnam War". Journal of American History. 103 (2): 536–537. 2016. doi:10.1093/jahist/jaw296.
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